试论美国历史上的志愿兵役制与义务兵役制

Comment About the Voluntary Enlistment and the Compulsory Military Service in American History

起源于北美殖民地时期的志愿兵役制因其固有的弱点,无法应付大规模的总体战;而内战中出台的义务兵役制则从根本上克服了前者的缺陷,确保了兵力来源,对以后的人力动员产生了深远的影响,堪称美国历史上人力动员的一次革命。

Because the voluntary enlistment which originated from colonial times had the inherent shortcomings,so it failed to cope with the large total war;The compulsory military service that appeared in the American Civil War overcame the former's deficiency fundamentally,guaranteed the resource of soldiers,and it influenced the manpower mobilization deeply,it is considerde a rovolution of manpower mobilization in American history.