笔画数、部件数和拓扑结构类型对非汉字文化圈学习者汉字掌握的影响

How is the acquisition of Chinese characters by learners from the non Chinese character cultural sphere affected by stroke numbers, component numbers and topological structural patterns

本文利用北京语言大学"汉语中介语语料库",分析了汉字的笔画数和部件数以及拓扑结构类型等因素对非汉字文化圈学习者掌握汉字情况的影响,并用实验的方法进一步验证了基于上述语料库分析所得的结果.通过大量的数据统计分析,本文得出两个主要结论:非汉字文化圈学习者对高频汉字的加工只经历笔画和整字两个层次,对低频汉字的加工则经历笔画、部件和整字三个层次,且他们的加工方式主要是序列加工而非平行加工;汉字的独体、包围、横向、纵向四种结构类型中,横向结构是学习者最难掌握的一种结构类型.文章还在第一个结论的基础上提出了关于非汉字文化圈学习者汉字学习分阶段假设.

Based on Chinese Learners’ Interlanguage Database, this paper analyses some of the factors that affect the Chinese characters learning by learners from the non Chinese character cultural sphere. The results have been further verified by experiments. An analysis of the statistic data leads to the following conclusion: 1) they process high frequency Chinese characters in two steps: strokes—characters, while they do the low frequency ones in three: strokes—components—characters. And the processing is serialized, but not parallel in nature; and 2) the left right structure is the most difficult in the four structures of Chinese characters. The first conclusion inspires us to suggest that character learning should be carried out in two stages.