日本留学生心理词典表征结构的实验研究

An experimental study of Japanese-Chinese bilingual's mental lexicon representation structure

在双语者心理词典表征结构的问题上一直存在许多争论。本文利用Stroop范式和颜色命名方法对日本留学生心理词典的表征结构进行了研究,主要考察了第二语言熟练度及母语和目的语相似性这两个因素对双语者心理词典表征结构的影响,并对三种心理词典表征结构模型(词汇联结模型、语义中介模型、多通路模型)进行了分析比较。结果显示:(1)由于日汉双语中既包含相似性因素,又包含不相似性因素,因此,日本留学生心理词典中两种语言的表征结构具有复杂的模式;(2)目的语熟练程度影响日文汉字和中文汉字的联结关系,低汉语水平的日本留学生采取的是词汇联结模式,高熟练者采取的是多通路模式;(3)目的语熟练程度对日文假名和中文汉字的联结模式不产生影响,都倾向于语义中介模式;(4)日本留学生在色块命名中,用母语的反应时间比用汉语快,但没有汉语水平的差异。

There are some controversies over the mental lexicon representation structure of bilinguals. In this research a Stroop paradigm and color naming task were used to examine the mental lexicon representation structure of Japanese students. The research focuses on the issue of to what extent the second language proficiency and the similarity between mother tongue and target language affect the mental lexicon representation structure of bilinguals. Three models of mental lexicon representation structure are put to test; the word association model, the semantic mediation model and the multiple access model. The results are: (1) In Japanese students' mental lexicon, the representation structures of two languages are very complicated because there are both similar and dissimilar factors in Japanese and Chinese; (2) The proficiency level of the target language influences the association relations between Japanese Kanji and Chinese Hand. The beginners choose the word association model, while highly proficient bilinguals use multiple access model; (3) The proficiency level of the target language have little effect on the association model of Japanese Kana and Chinese Hanzi, and the semantic mediation model is preferred; (4) In Japanese students' color naming task, the response speed with their mother tongue is faster than that with Chinese, while there is no difference between students with various proficiency levels of Chinese.