艾比湖地区土壤异质性及其对植物群落生态分布的影响

Soil Heterogeneity and its Impact on Ecological Distribution of Plant Community in the Aiby Lake Area

艾比湖水域萎缩、湖区旱化和人类活动频繁严重影响了当地生态环境和社会经济发展。本文通过对艾比湖地区不同类型土壤的理化性状分析和植物群落样方调查统计及其分布的规律研究 ,讨论了土壤质地、盐分、pH、养分、水分等自然综合体空间异质性对植物群落生态分布的影响 ,为该区生态环境恢复和重建提供了参考。

The shrinkage of the Aiby lake, located in Boletala Prefecture of North Xinjiang, and the aggravate of the surrounding drought and the increase of human activities in the Aiby Lake area have severely affected the local eco environment and social development. This paper, based on analyzing the soil physical chemical properties, counting the species of plants, the composition and coverage of plant communities as well as studying their rule of distribution, of the different types of soils and quadrats for plant communities, indicates that the special heterogeneity of soil physical chemical properties, abiotic factors, is a main cause of the difference for special distribution of vegetation. This represents that the changes of soil textures, salt contents, pH values, nutrients and water condition resulted in the variation of constructive and dominant species. In other words, the soil erosion, drought, alkali salinization, infertilitation caused the constructive and dominant species of arbor, shrub, semi shrub and good perennial grass plant communities to be replaced by drought tolerant, salt tolerant mini semi shrub, halophytes and annual plants and the plant species and the vegetation coverage to be decreased. In inverse, the degradation of vegetation would intensify the soil erosion and infertility. Therefore, no other than understanding the coupling relationship between soil and vegetation can we recover and rehabilitate the eco environment of the Aiby Lake area.