论船山对佛教的美学批判

On Chuanshan's Aesthetic Criticism of Buddhism

晚明时期,佛教与心学合流,在学术界乃至社会生活的许多层面都造成了"重内轻外"的内转局面,轻视奔腾不息的现实生活自身的审美意义和价值,当时以正统儒者自居的王船山为了维护正统儒家的理念,对佛教展开了激烈的哲学与美学批判。作为这种批判的成果,船山指出,人类对美的事物的热爱是道的体现,人们只有从实际生活出发,不断地发掘美、创造美,才能把握正确的人生方向,在天人合一的境界中获得真正的幸福。

During the later Ming Dynasty, Buddhism, combined with the philosophy of the mind, turned to an exclusive approach that overemphasized the inner world while neglecting the outside world. Such a trend of 'preferring the internal to the external' affected various aspects of the academic circles and even the social life of the day by turning people away from the aesthetic essence and value of the real life that was full of vitality. Meantime, Wang Chuanshan, who viewed himself as an orthodox Confucian scholar, criticized the Buddhist philosophy and aesthetics in defence of the orthodox Confucian beliefs. Chuanshan claimed, as the result of his criticism, that human beings' love of the beauty is a manifestation of Dao or the Confucian ideological system, the right orientation in human life can only be followed in the course of exploring and creating beauty on the basis of the real life, and their real happiness can only be achieved in the harmony of man with nature. 