完善现行法官回避制度的理论思考

Some Theoretical Considerations of Improving the Current Challenge System for Judges

我国现行法官回避制度存在以下缺陷:1、以"关系"为核心的法官回避制度,即法官是否应回避主要看其与涉案的人或事有无关系;2、对回避情形中的"其它关系"没有明确的规定,具体操作中不易把握;3、对法官的地区回避未引起足够的重视;4、当事人申请回避制度缺乏可操作性,显得华而不实。笔者认为,应改变我国以"关系"为核心的法官回避制度,代之以"有违中立"为核心的法官回避制度,对"其它关系"作科学又具可操作性的界定,同时建立完整的法官地区回避制度,制订较具可操作性的申请回避制度,以完善我国现行法官回避制度。

In China's current challenge system exists the following shortcomings: (1) the challenge system takes 'relationship' as the key fact, that is, whether the judge has any connection to any of the persons or things involved in the law case is the major concern in determining whether the judge has the right to try the case; (2) 'other relationships' are not explicitly specified in the challenge system and they, therefore, are not adequately operational; (3) the regional biases are not taken into full consideration; (4) the terms for the parties concerned to exercise challenges are not operational but appear to be superficial. This paper argues that, in order to improve the challenge system in China, the challenge system based on 'relationship' should be replaced by the one based on 'the impartial principle', 'other relationships' should be delineated both scientifically and operationally, the challenge system should be amended to prevent the regional biases, and operational procedures should be established for the application of challenge. 