注意缺陷-多动障碍患儿的个性和家庭环境特点

Characteristics of individuality and family environment in the children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

目的:探讨注意缺陷-多动障碍(attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder,ADHD)患儿特殊的个性和家庭环境,以期指导其临床心理治疗。方法:使用家庭一般情况调查表和DSM-Ш-R有关标准,从泉州市实验小学1～6年级1675名小学生筛选出ADHD患儿及其正常对照组71对,以艾森克个性问卷犤EPQ(J)犦和环境量表中文版(FES-CV)、家庭一般情况调查表进行个性和家庭情况调查。结果:与对照组相比,ADHD儿童情绪较不稳定(51±13±和45±11,t=2.71,P<0.01),并有一定的精神质(50±15和42±12,t=3.43,P<0.01)。其家庭亲密度(6.3±2.7),情感表达(4.7±1.8)和知识性(4.1±2.3)得分偏低(t=3.19,2.90,0.50,P分别为<0.05,<0.05,<0.01),而矛盾性(4.5±2.8)、组织性(7.1±2.1)得分偏高(t=4.24,2.81,P分别为<0.05,<0.01)。父母文化程度较低者有较高的ADHD患病率。结论:ADHD患儿有其特殊的个性特征及家庭环境,儿科医生在治疗该病时给予充分的重视和干预,可提高临床心理治疗效果。

AIM:To explore the individ ud ity and fami ly environment of the children with attention deficit hyperactivity di sorder(ADHD)and to help clinical mental treatment of ADHD.METHODS:In 1 675pupils who studied in grade 1-6of Quanzhou Exper-imental Primary,a to tal of 71pupils was diagnosed as ADHD group,and the control group was confirm ed .They we re detected with Eysenck personalit y questionnaire EPQ(J)and fam ily environment scale(FES-CV)about their individuality and family environme n t.RESULTS:When the comparison was made between cases and controls,the individ uality of the children with ADHD were more neuroticism(50±15and42±12 ,t=2.71,P<0.01)and more psychoticism(50±15and 42±12,t= 3.43,P<0.01).Their family features were poor lev el of cohesion(6 .3±2.7),expressiveness(4.7±1.8)and intellectual-culture orient ation(4.1±2.3)(t=3.19,2.90and 0.05,P<0.05,0.0 5and0.01),but high level of conflict (4.5±2.8)and organization( 7.1±2.1)(t=4.24,2.81,P<0.05and 0.01).The lower ch ildren' s parental educated grades were ,the higher their ADHD pervalences were .CONCLUSION:The children with ADHD have special i ndividuality and family env ironment which shall be paid more attention to and be intervened to when they ar e treated so as to improve clinical therapeutic efficacy.