棉花种间杂交新品系及新种质的育成

Selection for new interspecific hybridization strains and germplasms of cotton

采用对杂交铃喷施GA3和NAA、杂种胚离体培养、试管内同步进行染色体加倍三者相结合的棉花种间杂交新技术,快速获得可育杂种。本研究从陆地棉×索马里棉,陆地棉×比克棉,(陆地棉×中棉)×(陆地棉×瑟伯棉)杂种后代中,成功育成了优质、高产、抗病新品系秦远4149、秦远1505和秦远93089,其2.5%跨长分别为28.3,29.0和29.7mm,整齐度分别为50.0%,47.7%和46.3%,比强度分别为23.4,21.2和21.2g/tex,伸长率分别为7.5%,5.4%和7.2%,各特征匹配合理,优于对照中19;枯萎病指分别为2.2,6.5和4.4,黄萎病指分别为11.3,23.6和19.5,抗病性达到或超过对照品种;同时还创造出优质特强抗枯黄萎病特异新种质5份,其抗病性和纤维品质均符合国家"九五"棉花育种攻关指标标准。

Used new crossing technique of interspecific hybridization in Gossypium (By means of spraying GA3 and NAA on the hybrid bollembryo culture in vitrocolchicine treatment in test tube),3 new strains,Qinyuan 4149 (G.hirsutum×G.somalense),Qinyuan 1505 (G.hirsutum×G.bickii),Qinyuan 93089 were obtained.The 2.5% span length of 3 new strains was 28.3,29.0 and 29.7 mm,respectively.The uniformity was 50.5%,47.7% and 46.3%,respectively.The strength was 34.4,21.2 and 21.2 g/tex,the elongation was 7.5%,5.4% and 7.2%,these indexes of fiber quality were better than CK Zhong 19.The yield of 3 new strains was higher than that of CK Zhong 19.A group of Fusarium index were 2.2,4.4 and 6.5,A group of Verticillium index were 11.3,19.5 and 23.6,wilt resistant was better than CK Zhong 19. 5 new germplasm materials were also obtained.And all of the new germplasm materials possessed fine and very strong fibre and high resistant to both Fusatirum and Verticillium wilt,and possessed good using worth.