冷型小麦灌浆期农田水分利用状况初探

Study on the moisture utilization conditions of cold type wheat during milk-filling

根据农田土壤湿度和小气候观测资料,分析了冷型小麦陕229和暖型小麦9430的土壤湿度,并用M.И.布德柯法计算了株间水汽通量。结果表明,在灌浆期,冷型小麦0～20cm土层的土壤蒸发较暖型小麦低;冷型小麦在40～50cm土层的蒸腾耗水为暖型小麦的1.98倍;9:00～11:00冷型小麦20cm-2/3株高和2/3株高-冠顶的水汽通量分别比暖型小麦高3.23～24.62mg/(m2·s)和11.46～36.52mg/(m2·s)。表明冷型小麦植株蒸腾作用旺盛,土壤蒸发较少,能有效利用土壤水分。

Based on the observed data of soil moisture and microclimate in farmland,the soil moisture was analyzed,the vapor fluxes were calculated with М.И.Будыко method.The results show that the evaporation of cold type wheat of Shaan 229 from 0 cm to 20 cm soil layer is lower than that of worm type wheat of 9430,and the daily mean transpiration of cold type wheat from 40 cm to 50 cm soil layer is 1.98 times higher than that of warm type wheat during milkfilling.The vapor fluxes of cold type wheat at nine to eleven are 3.23-24.62 mg/(m2·s) and 11.46-36.52 mg/(m2·s) higher than those of warm type wheat respectively at 20 cm to 2/3 plant height and at 2/3 plant height to plant top in row.These show that the cold type wheat has higher transpiration ratio and lower evaporation of soil and higher soil moisture utilization efficiency.