广西刁江流域有色金属矿区尾砂库植物研究

AN INVESTIGATION OF PLANTS ON THE TAILINGS OF ABANDONED NONFERROUS MINES IN THE DIAOJIANG BASIN OF GUANGXI

调查了广西刁江流域有色金属矿区废弃尾砂库自然生长的植物种类,有维管束植物26科58属63种;分析了尾砂库土壤和20种在尾砂库分布较多而且生长较好的植物的Cu、Cd、Pb、As、Sb、Zn、Sn等重金属含量。研究表明,在废弃尾砂库上自然定居的植物,如禾本科的芦竹、类芦、五节芒、芒、班茅、白茅、粘人草、狗牙根,莎草科的黑莎草、飘拂草,菊科的三叶鬼针草,风尾蕨科的蜈蚣蕨,木贼科的纤细木贼等草本植物,能吸收重金属,对有色金属矿区尾砂库这种恶劣环境具有较强的忍耐能力,可作为有色金属矿区尾砂库植被重建的先锋植物。

According to the investigation of plants on the tailings of abandoned nonferrous mines in the Diaojiang basin of Guangxi , there are 26 families 58 genera 63 species of vascular bundle plant , which include 2 families 3 genera 3 species of fern and 24?families 55?genera 60 species of angiosperm. In these 63 species of plants, the arbor,shrub,semishrub,grass and liane share the percentage of 9.5,12.7,4.8,71.4 and 1.6 respectively. By analyzing the soil and plant samples, it is found that the soils contain a lot of heavy metals such as Cu, Cd , Pb, As, Sb, Zn, Sn, etc. Arundo donax, Neyraudia reynaudiana, Pteris vittata, Thysanolaena maxima and Gahnia tristis can accumulate Pb. The plants which can accumulate As are Neyraudia reynaudiana, Miscanthus floridulus, Pteris vittata, Cynodon dactylon, Gahnia tristis, Equisetum debile and Juncus effuses var. decipiens. Equisetum debile, Gahnia tristis, Miscanthus floridulus, Eremochloa ophiuroides, Pteris vittata, Imperate cylindrical, Chrysopogon aciculatus and Thysanolaena maxima can accumulate Zn. Neyraudia reynaudiana can accumulate Sn. The plants which can accumulate Sb are Neyraudia reynaudiana. The investigation of plants on the tailings of abandoned nonferrous mines in the Diaojiang basin of Guangxi indicates that many herbages, such as Araundo donax, Neyraudia reynaudiana, Miscanthus floridulus, Miscanthus sinensis, Imperate cylindrical, Chrysopogon aciculatus, Cynodon dactylon of Agrositidoideae, Gahnia tristis, Timbristylis sp of Cyperaceae, Bdens pilosa of Compositae, Pteris vittata of Pteridacdae and Equisetum debile of Equietaceaes, which can accumulate heavy metals and adapt to the atrocious conditions of the tailings, may be used as pioneer plants for vegetation restoration in abandoned nonferrous mines in Guangxi.