湖南省耕地安全与可持续利用探讨

SECURITY AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF THE CULTIVATED LAND IN HUNAN PROVINCE

湖南省是全国的农业大省之一,但在耕地安全上面临着不少压力,如耕地资源减少、耕地污染日趋严重、耕地质量下降、水土流失加剧等。产生压力的主要原因是,非农建设与人口城镇化的发展对耕地的冲击,耕地生产结构的调整以及管理与政策上的不完善和疏漏等。文中对湖南省未来耕地资源及人均耕地量作了预测。为实现湖南省耕地安全与持续利用,应加强全民耕地安全意识,加大对非农产业及城镇建设占用耕地的管理,建立复合高效农田生态经济系统,以及加快调整农业产业结构,合理开发后备耕地资源。

As one of the predominant agricultural provinces in China,Hunan Province has been confronted with a series of problems in terms of the cultivated land security at present, such as the decrease in quantity, the decline in quality, and the soil erosion and pollution, and so on. The major reasons causing the problems abovementioned include: 1) the impacts of nonagricultural activities and construction on the cultivated land; 2)the low income from planting that results in little enthusiasm of the farmers for agricultural production, and the change of the structure of landuse; 3) the imperfect management and policies of land. Based on the analysis, a regressive equation for prediction of Hunans cultivated land resource and per capita cultivated land in future are established. Some suggestions and measures for the security of the cultivated land in Hunan Province are put forward: 1) Improving and strengthening the local governments management of the nonagricultural activities and the construction in towns and villages; 2) developing complex agricultural ecoeconomic systems;3) adjusting the present land cultivation structures; 4) enhancing the public awareness of cultivated land security.