早期儿童的游戏与心理理论的发展

Theory of Mind and Young Children's Pl ay

选择在一日活动中儿童可自由支配的游戏时间存在明显差异的两所幼儿园 ,采用错误信念任务比较两园小班、中班儿童心理理论的发展状况 ,结果显示 ,半年在园经验的小班儿童在完成错误信念任务上存在显著差异 ,表明早期儿童的游戏 ,尤其是装扮游戏对儿童心理理论的发展有积极作用 ;但一年半在园经验的中班儿童在完成错误信念任务上不存在显著差异 ,由此推论儿童心理理论的发展受成熟的制约 ,成熟起主导作用。研究为理解幼儿园以游戏为基本活动提供了参考依据。

Two kindergartens were chosen in which there was remarkable difference in children's free control of playtime. The false belie f task was employed to compare the development of children′s theory of mind in the l ow classes and middle classes of these two kindergartens. According to the resul ts o f the false belief task, the difference between these two kindergartens′ childr en of low classes who had half a year of experience in kindergarten was significant. It was indicated that play, especially role acting play, had positive effects on the de velopment of theory of mind. However, there was no difference between these two kindergartens′ children of middle classes who had one and a half years′ experi ence in kindergarten. It showed that the development of theory of mind was res tricted by children′s maturation. The research provided relevant support for th e understandings that play is the basic activity in kindergarten.