凡口宽叶香蒲湿地植物群落恢复的研究

RESTORATION OF WETLAND PLANT COMMUNITIES DOMINATED BY TYPHA LATIFOLIA

调查观测广东韶关凡口铅锌矿宽叶香蒲 (Typhalatifolia)湿地的水生植物种类、生物多样性、群落结构及生物量 ,分析湿地基质的理化性质 ,探索湿地生态恢复的基本特征。研究结果表明 :1)以宽叶香蒲为优势种的湿地生态系统主要植物有 98种 ,隶属 44科 ,86属。次优势种有 :芦苇 (Phragmitescommunis)、茳芏 (Cyperusmalaccensis)。植物群落水平分布从均匀型向群集型分布格局转化 ,植物群落空间不均匀性增大。 2 )随湿地系统的恢复演替进程 ,表现为土壤肥力 (有机质 ,N ,P ,K)明显提高 ,植物种类、生物量及植物群落多样性都呈上升趋势。 3)植物群落多样性指数与土壤中有机质 ,N ,P存在着显著的负相关性 ,而与土壤中Pb ,Zn存在着显著的正相关。 4)湿地植物能迅速恢复的原因 ,可归结为耐性植物的拓殖能力和环境胁迫的缓和。研究地高浓度Pb ,Zn是影响植物群落物种多样性进一步恢复的主要限制因子。

In this paper the species composition, community structure, biomass and species biodiversity of a Typha latifolia wetland at Shaoguan in Guangdong Province (South China) was investigated. The major results are as follows: 1) ninty_eight species belonging to 86 genera were recorded in the community, with Typha latifolia, the major dominant and Phragmites communis and Cyperus malaccensis as secondary dominants; 2) with restoration of the wetland, soil fertility increased significantly: organic matter from 0.54% to 1.17%, N from 0.040% to 0.082%, P from 0.069% to 0.141% and K from 0.71% to 0.82%; 3) species diversity index is negatively correlated with soil organic matter, N, and P content and a significant increase in species richness, biomass and diversity occurred from the wastewater run_on to the effluent side of the community; 4) toxicity of available Pb and Zn in the wetland ecosystem was the major constraint on the restoration of diversity.