半干旱地区洪水预报的若干问题

Problems on flood forecasting in the semi-arid region

半干旱地区的特点是降水少且时空分布不均,下垫面条件也与湿润地区有很大不同,从而使洪水预报工作较为困难。其难点主要是:下渗能力分布不均;制约下渗率的表层土湿计算;河网汇流中的渗漏损失计算;降雨分布不均问题等。探讨了这些问题的解决办法。

The characteristics of the semi-arid region are shortage of rainfall and the non-uniformity of spatio-temporal distribution. Conditions of catchment underlay differ from humid regions. It is difficult to forecast flood in the semi-arid region, which is non-uniformity of infiltration capacity, computation of water content in surface soil, leakage calculation and non-uniformity of rainfall. The preliminary methods for overcoming above difficulties are also discussed.