甜玉米遗传育种研究进展

Progress of studying on heredity and breeding of sweet corn

甜玉米是玉米的一种胚乳突变型,甜玉米根据乳熟期胚乳中糖分含量和WSP含量的多少分为普通甜玉米、超甜玉米和加强甜玉米,加强甜玉米又称超甜粘玉米.目前在甜玉米育种中常用的基因有su_1、sh_2、se、bt_1、bt_2、ae、wx、du等,它们都与胚乳碳水化合物代谢有关.这些基因的单基因纯合或多基因互作都能引起胚乳中碳水化合物组成或含量的改变. 目前,已定出了与甜玉米有关的主要胚乳突变基因在玉米染色体上的确切位置,而且对这些基因在胚乳碳水化合物合成途径中的作用也有了较深入的了解.

Sweet corn is an endosperm mutant of corn. Based on sugar and WSP contents in corn endosperm during the milking stage, sweet corn is divided into normal sweet corn, super sweet corn and enhanced sweet corn. The genes su1, sh2, se, bt1, bt2, ae, wx and du are widely used for the breeding of sweet corn, and they are all related to carbohydrate metabolism of corn endosperm. The purification of single gene or interaction of muti-genes can change the carbohydrate constitution or content in corn endosperm. Up to now, most main genes concerned with sweet corn have been exactly located on corn chromosome and the functions of these genes have been deeply recognized.