盐湖资源开发污染问题的探讨及对策

DISCUSSION ON POLLUTION PROBLEMS AND THEIR COUNTERMEASURES IN DEVELOPMENT OF SALT LAKE RESOURCES

青海有丰富的盐湖资源,盐湖钾肥生产带来的副产品对盐湖资源与环境污染严重。本文阐述了水氯镁石、废弃的石盐,以及石灰法生产镁砂工艺、利用水氯镁石电解生产镁工艺等对环境的污染与危害。指出盐湖资源综合开发的关键是如何利用生产钾肥后的水氯镁石,而脱水问题又是利用水氯镁石的关键。文章重点介绍了几种防治污染的绿色生产工艺:合成铵光卤石脱水炼镁法、水氯镁石溶剂络合脱水电解制镁法、氨法制取氧化镁—直接电解氧化镁生产金属镁新工艺等,尤其是后者,属具有节能降耗、高效、清洁等特点的新技术,是当前综合利用水氯镁石的最好方法。

There are plentiful salt lake resources in Qinghai provinceHowever,lots of byproducts from potash fertilizer production belong to the pollutants to salt lake resources and environmentThis paper expounds the environmental contamination caused by bischofite,scrap halite,production of magnesium sand by lime process,production of magnesium by electrolysis from bischofite and othersIt is pointed out that how to utilize the bischofite from potash fertilizer production is a key for comprehensive exploitation of salt lake resources while the dehydration is a key for bischofite utilizationThis paper puts stress on some several green techniques such as the refining of magnesium by synthetic ammonium carnallite dehydration,the preparation of magnesium by bischofite solvent complex dehydration and electrolyzation,and the production of metal magnesium through magnesium oxide prepared by ammonium method being electrolyzed directlyParticularly,the latter,a new technique characterized by low energy cost,high efficiency and less pollution,is the best way for comprehensive utilization of bischofite