士绅的坚守与权变:清代苏州潘氏家族的家风与心态研究

Persistence and Adjustment of Gentry:A Study on Family Tradition and Mentality of Suzhou Pan Family in the Qing Dynasty

苏州潘氏是徽商后裔 ,亦是江南著名的科第世家。潘氏家族发展过程中所形成的科举与经商迭相为用的二元价值观、学宗宋儒与讲究实用的家学传统 ,既是明清以来 ,尤其是晚清士商相混的结果 ,也是徽州和苏州两种不同地域文化整合的结果。而潘氏族人慎言慎行如履薄冰的仕途实践经验、行善与积福密切相连的因果报应观 。

Suzhou Pan family was the descendants of Huizhou merchants,and an ancient and well known family for the good results in imperial examinations by its family members in the south of Yangtse River.During its development,Pan family generated the binary values through the interaction between doing imperial examinations and trade,combining family education of Song Scholars' ideals with the cultivation of the sense of utility.That was not only the result of the mix up of being officials and merchants at the same time,a tradition in Ming and Qing dynasties,especially in late Qing,but also the conformity of different regional cultures of Huizhou and Suzhou.Meanwhile the cautious attitudes in official career and the beliefin fortune accumulation through doing good deeds vividly reflected the behavior manners of upper gentry in the south of Yangtse River in the Qing Dynasty and their ethical morals that were derived from social life.