义句的两种“态”及其联系

Two States of Sentence Meaning and Their Relations

根据是否考虑特定的言语场 ,义句可首先分为静态义与动态义。静态义句指某个句子在不考虑特定的言语场时具备的意义 ,包括基本义句和附加义句。基本义句指义位或义位组合后产生的字面上的意义 ,蕴含义与预设义都是义句基本义的下位概念。附加义句包括形象附加义句、情感附加义句、语体附加义句、风格附加义句 ,前三种义句和义句包含的义素存在一致关系。动态义句指言语交际中的实际义句 ,是言语场对静态义句的选择结果 ,包括动态基本义和动态附加义。静态义转为动态义 ,表现为四种结果。

Leaving speech field out of consideration or not, a sentence meaning includes the theoretical state and the actual state. The sentence meaning is theoretical state while given speech field is not considered, and it includes the basic sentence meaning and additional sentence meaning. The basic sentence meaning is one of componential or the combination of componential, while entailment meaning and presupposition meaning are both hypogyny conception of the basic sentence meaning. The additional sentence meaning can express image, sensibility, type of writing and style. There is unity between the sentence meaning and the preceding three componentials of the sentence meaning. The actual statesentence meaning is practical in the social intercourse, is the result of speech field choice on theoretical state. It Includes the actual basic sentence meaning and the actual additional sentence meaning. There are four results when the theoretical sentence meaning is changed into actual one.