基于生境等价分析法的杭州湾新区围填海工程生态修复研究

Ecological Restoration of Reclamation Project in Hangzhou Bay New Zone based on Habitat Equivalent Analysis

宁波杭州湾新区自挂牌成立以来,先后拥有国家级产城融合示范区、国家级经济开发区、省级海洋经济集聚区等名片,但在光鲜亮丽的经济社会快速发展成果下,由最初围填海工程建设下所建立的宁波杭州湾新区生态环境问题不容忽视。随着国家海洋局出台并实施史上最严围填海管控措施,杭州湾新区生态修复补偿问题也提上日程。本文以2001年杭州湾新区大规模开发起始时间至2016年,总计16年期间杭州湾周边海域生态服务水平为基础,运用生境等价分析法,分别得出生物资源损害81.81%,纳潮量损害17.02%,海水质量损害32.97%和近岸生态功能损害64.63%,采取种植海草床方式进行修复,修复期为8a,在3%的贴现率水平下,所需海草床292平方公里,才能使被填海域的生态服务功能在理论上恢复到初始水平。这一结论可作为杭州湾新区未来进行围填海生态修复建设和生态补偿管理的技术依据,亦可为其他围填海工程影响海域作为参考。

Since the establishment of Ningbo Hangzhou Bay New Zone, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay New Zone has succes-sively owned many business cards. However, with the brilliant achievements of rapid economic and social devel-opment, the ecological environment of Ningbo Hangzhou Bay New Zone has been established under the initial reclamation project. It can not be ignored either. With the promulgation and implementation of the most strin-gent reclamation control measures in history by the State Oceanic Administration, the issue of Ecological Restoration Compensation in Hangzhou Bay New Zone has also been put on the agenda. Based on the ecological ser-vice level of the sea area around Hangzhou Bay during the period from 2001 to 2016, using the method of habitat equivalence analysis,81.81% of the damage to biological resources,17.02% of the damage to tidal volume,32.97%of the damage to the sea water quality and 64.63% of the damage to the ecological function of the coastal areas were obtained respectively. The restoration period of seagrass bed is 8 years. At 3% discount rate, 292 square kilometers of seagrass bed is needed to restore the ecological service function of the reclaimed sea area to the original level in theory. This conclusion can be used as a technical basis for ecological restoration and ecological compensation management of reclamation in Hangzhou Bay New Zone in the future, and as a reference for other reclamation projects.