五四新文化运动与民众政治心理的变迁

The May 4th New Culture Movement and the Common People's Political Psychology Changes

中国自19世纪40年代鸦片战争以后,才在西方列强的欺压和凌辱下开始从传统社会向现代社会转变。辛亥革命的爆发终于推翻了中国几千年的封建专制制度,建立了资产阶级共和国。中国在国体上实现了由传统向现代的转变。但是民主共和的观念并没有深入人心,广大民众仍旧处于封建蒙昧主义状态。随着中国政治局势的动荡演变及新文化运动的启蒙和宣传,民众的政治觉悟逐渐提高,五四运动时民众的政治心理带有了强烈的民主主义色彩。这种“民主主义因素不断增长的轨迹,最终导向推动中国政治现代化的民主革命。”因此探索民众政治心理的这一变动过程,有利于我们总结中国在政治现代化过程中的历史经验,对我们今天建设有中国特色社会主义现代化事业有积极的借鉴意义。

The common people were still in the shadow of feudal autocratic doctrine and obscurantism after the Xinhai Revolution. As a result, CHEN Duxiu who represented radical democracy intellectual carried on the Xinhai Revolution's democratic spirit and initiated a democratic thought enlightenment campaign in the ideological sphere namely the New Culture Movement. This greatly enhanced the common people's democratic consciousness and laid a foundation of political psychology for the May 4th Movement, which again impelled the common people's political psychology to a new scene.