紫砂的“品”与“新”

Quality and Innovation of Redware

紫砂是中国陶瓷中一个特殊的品类。它以材料作为代称,包括茶具、餐具、花盆诸多品种,尤以紫砂茶具中的紫砂壶为代表。无论在工艺技术、艺术和文化品质方面,紫砂壶可说是集诸多品质于一身。在当代,紫砂壶的实用功能尤存,但其独特的艺术和文化价值使其成为收藏品,甚至是奢侈品。本文对紫砂壶艺的理解,以为其品评的尺度首先可以归集为"四要素",即"材料、工艺技术、造型、装饰"四个方面;本文试将"神""逸""妙""能"四品的概念(并非原意)用于紫砂壶艺的品评,精品中大多数的作品可谓是"能品",少数是"妙品",而"逸品"和"神品"则极为罕见;本文认为在手工业时代,传统工艺美术的创新是一个自发的过程,而当代包括紫砂在内的工艺美术的创新应该是自发和自觉的结合,即主动自觉创新和尊重工艺美术内在发展规律相结合。

Redware is a special kind of Chinese ceramics. It takes materials as its name, including tea sets, tableware, flowerpots and many other varieties, especially the purple sand pot in purple sand tea sets. Regardless of the technical, artistic and cultural qualities, purple clay pots can be said to be a combination of many qualities. In contemporary times, purple clay pots have practical functions, but their unique artistic and cultural values make them collectors, even luxury goods. In this paper, the understanding of purple clay pot art is that its evaluation criteria can be classified into four elements, namely, material, technology, shape and decoration. This paper tries to apply the concepts of 'god', 'leisure', 'miracle' and 'energy' to the evaluation of purple clay pot art(not original intention). Most of the fine works are 'energy products', while a few are 'exquisite products'. In the era of handicraft industry, the innovation of traditional arts and crafts is a spontaneous process, while the innovation of contemporary arts and crafts, including purple sand, should be the combination of spontaneity and consciousness, that is, the combination of initiative and conscious innovation and respect for the inherent law of development of Arts and crafts.