烃类脉动氧化裂解制烯烃

PULSATING CRACKING TO PRODUCE OLEFINS FROM OIL

实测了脉动氧化裂解试验装置的脉动操作特性,认为本试验装置的脉动频率符合公式f=(rgRT)^(1/2)/4L,振幅符合公式E∝x_0~2f。在实验室试验装置上进行了液化气脉动氧化裂解制烯烃和烯、炔烃的研究。在实验室、模试、中试和工业试验装置上进行了直馏汽油脉动氧化裂解试验。其中,中间试验连续稳定运转30天,取得了共振管不同部位的气体产品收率、骤冷影响、反应温度、原料油和混合气预热温度对烯烃收率和耗氧量的关系,以及高温裂解制烯、炔烃等。最佳条件下C_2^-—C_4^-收率为54.3ω%,生产强度为20.3T/m^3h。工业试验装置运转约半年,烯烃收率为53.6ω%左右,生产强度为15.7T/m^3h。从实验室到工业试验装置放大约300倍,运转稳定。表明反应器的放大设计是成功的。热裂化轻柴油模试和中试结果总烯烃收率为44.0—47.2ω%,其中乙烯收率为22.5—25.92ω%,重柴油试验选用Ⅱ型-离心式喷咀,模试结果总烯烃收率为47.5—48.2ω%,其中乙烯为23.1—26.7ω%。喷咀选型和重柴油预热温度的控制,是重质原料油氧化裂解长期稳定操作和获得产品高收率的关键。原油试验亦采用离心式喷咀,模试总烯烃收率为42.1—46.3ω%,其中乙烯为22.7—23.0ω%。

The experiments on pulsating cracking of oil were carried out in bench scale reactor, PDU,pilot plant and demonstration unit respectively. The pulsating characteristics of the reactors were determined. The pulse frequency and amplitude of the reactor were found to be in accordance with following: formulas f =(rgRT)^(1/2)/4L and E∝X_0~2f separately.The pilot tests were continuously and smoothly performed for 30 days. Many results such as olefin yield profile along the resonant rube, influence of quenching, the effects of reaction temperature, preheating temperature of feedstock on the olcfin yield and oxygen consumption were obtained.The optimum yield of C_2-C_4 olefin was 54.3W% under load capacity of 20.3 T oil/m^3·h in the pilot plant. In a half-year run for the demonstration unit, the C_2-C_4 olefin yield maintained 53.6W% under load capacity of 15.7T oil/m^3·h. The reactor volume of demonstration unit is 300 times as large as that of laboratory scale. The smooth operation and similar results in demonstration unit showed that the scaling-up of the reactor has been successful.Naphtha,diesel oil,crude oil and LPG were tested in laboratory reactor and high yield of C_2-C_4 olefin can be obtained.Typical results are as follows: C_2-C_4 olefin 44.0-47.2 W% (ethylene 22.5-25.9W%) from light diesel oil, C_2-C_4 olefin 47.5-48.2W% (ethylene 23.1-26.7W%) from heavy diesel oil, C_2-C_4 olefin 42.1-46.3W%(ethylene 22.7-23.0W%) from crude oil.The pulsating cracking project was an effort to develop unconventional route for olefin production. This technology features versatility in feedstocks and flexibility in load capacity.