磁悬浮轨道交通关键技术及全速度域应用研究

Study on Key Technologies and Whole Speed Range Application of Maglev Rail Transport

首先从磁悬浮列车的角度提出全速度域的概念并将其划分为5个等级,简要分析了社会发展与地面交通速度的关系,认为今后采用磁悬浮轨道交通方式填补高速铁路与航空客运间的速度空白是发展的趋势。随后,通过与传统轮轨列车对比的方式,进一步从黏着与非黏着运行,车载与非车载动力,轮轨集中载荷和悬浮分布载荷等方面,分别研究了采用3种不同原理的高速磁悬浮轨道交通的基本特点、关键技术。研究认为,电磁悬浮方式与高温超导悬浮方式的轨道交通具有在全速度域均可运用的潜力,前者的技术关键是有效抑制车轨耦合振动,后者的技术关键是进一步提升承载能力,目前将电动悬浮用于高速域没有重大的技术障碍,但由于磁阻力很大,不适用于中速及以下速度域。

This paper proposed the concept of Whole Speed Range(WSR) and classified it into five levels from the view point of maglev trains. A brief analysis of the relationship between social development and ground transport speed was also conducted. The analysis indicates that, in the future, using maglev rail transport to fill the speed gap between high-speed railways and passenger airliners has become a development trend. This paper then further studied the basic characteristics and key technologies of high-speed maglev rail transit with three different principles by comparing conventional wheel-rail trains from multiple perspectives, i.e., adhesive operation and non-adhesive operation, on-board and off-board motive power, wheel-rail concentrated force bearing and maglev distributed force bearing. The results show that rail transport approaches that use electromagnetic levitation method and high temperature superconducting levitation method both have potential in WSR applications. The key technology for the former is to effectively suppress coupled vehicle-guideway vibrations whilst that for the latter is to further increase the loading capacity. Currently, there is no major technical hurdle for electrical dynamic levitation for high speed applications. But given its significant great magnetic resistance, it is not suitable for medium or lower speed applications.