农地权属调整与乡村治理——基于清远叶屋村的个案分析

Farmland Property Rights Adjustment and Rural Governance——Based on Case Analysis of Yewu Village in Qingyuan

作为乡村社会中经济关系、社会规则、组织安排等一系列制度派生的基础,农地制度的调整与改善,无疑对乡村治理和乡村社会重构起着关键性的作用。本文以清远市叶屋村为研究对象,揭示农地权属调整与乡村治理的内在逻辑关系。研究表明:农地权属调整的实质是农地利用转型,农地产权形态由细碎分散转为集中配置,促进了农地面积、数量、种植类型等显性形态的调整和改善,并作用于农地经营模式、投入和产出等隐性形态,最终实现资源优化配置。农地经济价值得以释放并催生多重乡村经济新业态,农地持续高效产出,能够为农户提供满足生产生活以及未来长远发展所需的物质条件,从而吸引外流劳动力返乡,农户自愿留守农地且在精神层面认同农民身份,新型人地关系得以重构,乡村回归利益共同体。乡村经济繁荣和人口回流,为多元主体协同治理体系的构建提供了必要的基础,并源源不断地为各治理主体提供物质资源和权威资源等治理资源,治理主体治理能力的持续增强,为乡村经济持续发展和乡村社会秩序维护,奠定了扎实的组织基础。农地—农户—农村治理组织的圈层得以重塑,相互影响并高效循环运转,最终实现乡村社会的治理和复兴。

As the fundamentals of the economic relations,social rules and organizational arrangements in the rural society,the adjustment and improvement of farmland system undoubtedly plays a key role in rural governance and rural social reconstruction.Taking Yewu Village in Qingyuan as the case study,this paper reveals the inherent causal relationship between farmland property rights adjustment and rural governance.The study shows that the essence of property rights adjustment of farmland is land use transition,in which the scattered contracted farmland is centralized.The transition not only explicitly increase the farmland area,quantity,planting types and so on,but also exerts implicit influences on the other respects such as land operation mode,input and output,both of which eventually optimizes the allocation of resources.It is crucial to release the economic value of farmland so that multiple agri-business models can be generated.The continuous and efficient output of farmland can provide farmers with necessary material conditions of working,living and long-term development,so as to attract migrant workers return and make all the farmers willing to stay in the countryside and gain self-identity.Meanwhile,the man-land relationship can also be reconstructed,so that the village is remade into a community with collective interests.In addition,the economic prosperity and population flows in the rural area are indispensable for the construction of multi-agent collaborative governance system and the offer the material and authoritative resources to the governance bodies.The whole process would benefit the continuous enhancement of the governance capacity of the governance body and hence lay a solid foundation for the sustainable development of rural economy and the maintenance of rural social order.All in all,the circle of farmland-household-rural governance organization can be remoulded as a consequence,which can influence each other positively and operate efficiently and thus achieve the governance and rehabilitation of rural society.