日本创新体制的经验教训及其借鉴

Drawing upon the Experience and Lessons in Japan's Innovation System

导致日本战后经济成功的创新体制为什么要对近年来日本国际竞争力的不断下降负有重要责任 ?本文认为 ,日本创新体制在以工艺创新为主的渐进创新方面具有独特的优势 ,但由于日本目前在灵活生产方式、产业信息化和创造新产业方面所遭遇的严重困难 ,这种优势难以发挥。特别是 ,由于基础研究和大学体制等方面的落后 ,日本创新体制无法适应激进创新的要求 ,从而未能抓住跨越式科技发展的机遇。本文还通过日美比较和德美赶超英国经验的总结 ,扼要讨论了日本的经验教训对我国“科教兴国”战略所提供的重要启示。

Why is the innovation system that leds to economic successes in postwar Japan primarily responsible for the decline in Japan's international competitiveness? This article holds that Japan's innovation system has unique advantages in gradual innovations, mainly technology innovation. However, these advantages can hardly be exploited at present because Japan has serious difficulties in the flexible production means, industrial informationization and the creation of new industries. In particular, due to the backward basic research and college systems, Japan's innovation system finds it hard to meet the requirements of radical innovation and has therefore failed to seize the opportunity for rapid scientific and technological development. In addition, by comparing Japan and the United States and reviewing the experience gained from the fact Germany and the United States have overtaken the United Kingdom, this article briefly discusses the important enlightenments that the Japanese experience and lessons have on China's strategy of revitalizing the country through science and education.