汉语先行语句法成分对零形回指解析加工策略之影响

Effect of antecedent’s syntactic position on the processing strategy of Chinese zero-anaphora resolution

学界已有研究认为,汉语零形回指解析中,主语为回指对象先行语的可能性高于宾语,但目前尚缺乏心理实证研究检验其在加工策略的表现。本文采用接受度判断任务,考察汉语母语者对主语和宾语先行语两种情形的句内简单零形回指接受度,将其与非零形回指形式进行对比,并在汉语思维层面审视实验结果。分析结果发现有二:1)主语在回指加工中成为回指对象先行语的可能性高于宾语先行语;2)主语先行语的回指加工受重复名称惩罚的影响,而宾语先行语却不受此影响。本文认为,先行语的不同句法成分可能会影响其表征在工作记忆中的激活程度,并导致回指形式的不同加工策略;同时,汉语零形回指的加工策略在思维层面体现出汉语的离散性特质,有其空间性根源。

In the literature on Chinese zero-anaphora resolution,there have been propositions of higher possibility for the subject than the object of being the antecedent.However,they are yet to be confirmed by empirical evidence from a processing-strategy point of view.Based on the existing discussions,the present paper employed acceptability judgement tasks to measure amongst Chinese native speakers the acceptability of the two types of simple intra-sentential zero-anaphora against that of their counterpart types of non-zero-anaphora.Data analyses suggested that:1)the acceptability of zero-anaphora with subject antecedents was significantly higher than that with object antecedents and 2)anaphora processing was subject to a repeated name penalty for the subject antecedent but not for the object antecedent.This paper proposes that antecedents’different syntactic positions may affect the activation of their representations in the working memory,leading to different processing strategies in anaphora resolution.The paper also proposes that the processing strategy of Chinese zero-anaphora resolution represents a trait of discreteness in Chinese people’s way of thinking that is rooted in their preference for spatiality.