海南岛澄迈角沙滩潮间带底栖动物生态初步研究

A PRELIMINARY ECOLOGICAL SURVEY ON INTERTIDAL BENTHIC ANIMAL OF A SANDY BEACH ALONG THE COAST OF CHENGMAIJIAO, HAINAN ISLAND

对海南岛海岸澄迈角沙滩的3个断面进行了潮间带生态调查。初步鉴定无脊椎动物32种,其中软体动物8种,甲壳类14种,多毛类8种,其它动物2种。优势的大型底栖动物有端足类的肢突跳钩虾Talorchestia brito,等足类的日本异浪漂水虱Excirolana japonica和双壳类的等边浅蛤Gomphina aequilatera。垂直分布可分为:(1)钩虾带,以肢突跳钩虾为特征种;(2)等足类带,以日本异浪漂水虱为特征种;(3)蛤-螺带,以等边浅蛤-(虫昌)螺Umbonium vestiarium为特征种。研究表明,沙滩底栖动物垂直分布主要受潮汐、底质、盐度和波浪的影响。

From May to June, 1990 three profiles along the coast of Chengmaijiao, Hainan Island were sampled as part of a sandy beach intertidal ecological survey. A total of 32 species of invertebrates have been obtained and identified for qualitative and quantitative assessment of benthic animals. Of these, 8 species were molluscs, 14 were crustaceans, 8 were polychaetes in addition to 2 species of other animals.Dominant macrobenthic species included the amphipods Talorchestia brito, the isopods Excirolana japonica,and the bivalves Gomphina aequilatera.The vertical distribution of sandy beach intertidal communities along the coast of Chengmaijiao consists of three faunal zones. ( 1 )a gammaridean zone,characterizes by Talorchestia brito; ( 2 )a isopod zone, characterized by Excirolana japonica; ( 3 )a clam-gastropod zone,characterized by Gomphina aequilatera-Umbonium vestiarium.Regional study shows that tide,substratum, salinity and wave is respectively the main factor affecting vertical distribution of benthic animal in a sandy beach intertidal zone.