高等教育供给侧改革的国外经验及启示——以德国、美国的高等教育改革为例

Foreign Experience and Enlightenment of Supply-side Reform in Higher Education——Taking the reform of higher education in Germany and the United States as examples

高等教育供给侧改革是实现国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要的重要途径。发达国家高等教育改革的经验对我国当前高等教育供给侧改革具有重要参考意义。研究借鉴德国和美国高等教育改革的经验,从我国高等教育人才培养的供给侧出发,探索围绕企业用人需求安排调整高等教育结构、优化高等教育投入要素的资源配置、提升高等教育人才培养质量、增强高等学校人才供给结构的适应性和灵活性的实现路径。

Supply-side reform in higher education is an important route to realize the Outline of National Medium and Long-term Program for Education Reform and Development. The experience of higher education reform in developed countries is of great significance to the supply-side reform of higher education in China. This paper draws lessons from the experience of the reform of higher education in Germany and the United States, starts from the supply side of higher education talent cultivation in China, and explores the path to adjusting the structure of higher education to enterprise demand, optimizing investing elements and resources allocation in higher education, improving training quality in higher education, and enhancing the adaptability and agility of the college talent supply structure.