中国制造业企业的空间集聚测度与动态演进研究

Research on Spatial Agglomeration Measure and Dynamic Evolution of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises

基于经纬度坐标数据与DO指数方法,文章从静态与动态两个互补视角综合考察了中国制造业企业的产业集聚现象。在静态分析上研究了中国制造业行业(四位数)的集聚态势与空间特征;在动态分析上考察了中国制造业行业集聚的动态变化与布局模式。研究发现:(1)56%的制造业行业在5%的显著性水平下表现为集聚,且超过80%的行业集聚发生在50km的短距离上;(2)城市规划的土地功能分区政策并没有对中国制造业的行业集聚造成较大影响;(3)小型企业是大多数行业集聚的主体,约半数行业的企业分布模式是小企业围绕大企业集聚;(4)在动态行为演进上,约64%的行业空间分布模式保持稳定,少数行业的新进企业趋向于在原有企业周围集聚,部分行业集聚区发生转移;同时发现,共聚行业多为劳动力密集型而非知识密集型行业,这意味着中国的产业空间分布还处在一个由劳动力市场需求和成本驱动的集聚状态。

Based on longitude and latitude coordinate data and DO index method,this paper comprehensively investigates the industrial agglomeration phenomenon of Chinese manufacturing enterprises from the perspective of static and dynamic complementary.In static analysis,the paper studies the agglomeration situation and spatial characteristics of Chinese manufacturing industry(4-digit),and investigates the dynamic change and layout pattern of Chinese manufacturing industry agglomeration in dynamic analysis.Study finds that(1)56%of manufacturing industries cluster at a significant level of 5%,and more than 80%of the industry agglomerations occur within the short distance of 50 km;(2)the land functional zoning policy of urban planning does not have a significant impact on the industrial agglomeration of Chinese manufacturing industry;(3)small enterprises are the main body of most industries agglomeration,and about half of the distribution patterns of enterprises are small enterprises agglomeration around large enterprises;(4)in terms of the evolution of dynamic behavior,about 64%of the industry spatial distribution pattern remains stable,while the new enterprises in a few industries tend to cluster around the original enterprises,and part of the industry cluster has shifted;The study also finds that the copolymerization industry is mostly labor-intensive rather than knowledge-intensive,which means that China’s industrial spatial distribution is still in a state of agglomeration driven by labor market demand and cost.