屯堡人与其他族群体质特征的主成分分析

Principal component analysis on physical characteristic of Tunpu with other ethnic groups

在贵州省安顺市调查了507例成年屯堡人(男251例,女256例)的13项体质指标,并与我国10个北亚类型族群、9个南亚类型族群及8个汉族族群的体质特征进行比较,采用主成分分析法对屯堡人的体质特征进行讨论.结果显示,男性群体中,屯堡人与僜人和布依族的体质特征最为接近,这3个族群的PCⅠ值和PCⅡ值均较小,表现为身材矮小,头面部狭窄,鼻部和口部较窄,鼻高值小;女性群体中,屯堡人也与僜人和布依族的体质特征最接近,但其PCⅠ值与一部分中国南亚类型族群(克木人、仡佬族、水族等)较为接近,PCⅡ值与北亚类型族群及江苏汉族、安徽汉族接近.总的来看,一方面,屯堡人的头面部特征相对稳定,较多地保留了北亚类型族群和汉族的特征;另一方面,受南方族群基因交流和生存环境的影响,屯堡人身材矮小而且头面部变窄,较多地体现了南亚类型族群的特征.

Thirteen physical indicators of 507 Tunpu adults(251 males,256 females) were investigated in Anshun in Guizhou Province,then compared with those of 27 ethnic groups in China,including ten north Asian ethnic groups,nine south Asian ethnic groups and eight Han groups. The physical characteristics of Tunpu were discussed by principal compo-nent analysis method. The results showed that the male of Tunpu had close relationships with Deng and Bouyi people,whose PCⅠand PCⅡ values were all smaller,i. e. they had short stature,narrow head-facial,narrow nose and small nose height. In female,Tunpu had close relationships with Deng and Bouyi people too. Furthermore,the PCⅠ value of female was similar with some south Asian ethnic groups(Khmu,Mulam,Shui)and the PCⅡ value was similar with some north Asian ethnic groups and Han in Jiangsu and Anhui. Overall,on the one hand,the head-facial features of Tunpu were rela-tively stable and remained more features of north Asian ethnic groups and Han groups;on the other hand,Tunpu had some features of south Asian ethnic groups,such as short stature,narrow head-facial characteristics,which maybe was ascribed to gene exchange with south Asian groups and living environments.