基因编辑技术原理及其在动植物研究中的应用

Principle of gene editing technology and its application in animal and plant research

自人类基因组计划开展以来,越来越多生物的基因组序列得到了测定,基因的功能逐步得到鉴定.人们期望通过对基因表达的改变,来治疗人类疾病或提高生物的产量和品质.早期突变技术对基因的改变是不定向的,近年来,锌指核酸酶(ZFN)、转录激活子样效应因子核酸酶(TALEN)和CRISPR/Cas9等技术可对某个已知基因进行编辑.特别是CRISPR/Cas9技术,由于具有操作方便、效率高等优点,因此成为对基因进行定向操作的强有力工具.本文对几种基因编辑技术的原理和应用进行简要介绍和展望.

Since the launch of the Human Genome Project,more and more organisms′genome sequences have been determined,and the function of genes has been gradually identified.Enormous endeavors have been made to treat human diseases or improve the production and quality of organisms by manipulating gene expression.Gene mutation is not site-specific by traditional mutagenesis,while technologies such as Zinic-finger nucleases(ZFN),transcription activator-like effector nucleases(TALEN)and CRISPR/Cas9 can be targeted to specific sequences.CRISPR/Cas9 system has become a powerful tool for gene editing because of its construction convenience and high efficiency.In this paper,the principle and application of several gene editing technologies were briefly introduced and prospected to help people a better understanding of gene edi-ting technology.