新型有缝和无缝塑料乒乓球弹性特征及对击球速度和旋转影响的试验研究

Experimental Study on the Elastic Characteristics of New Types of Seamed and Seamless Plastic Table Tennis Ball and Its Effect on the Speed and Spin of the Ball

2011年5月,国际乒联通过了伦敦奥运会之后全面禁用赛璐珞乒乓球的决议。2014年10,新型塑料球研制成功并正式投入使用。根据加工工艺的不同,新型塑料球分为有缝塑料球与无缝塑料球,在大型比赛中都被指定为官方用球。与赛璐珞乒乓球相比,新型塑料乒乓球除了材质不同以外,最大的变化是球体直径的增大。乒乓球材质和球体直径的改变会对球的硬度、弹性、击球的速度和旋转等产生影响,从而对击球效果产生不同程度的影响。研究表明,新型塑料球的硬度和弹性均高于赛璐珞球,击球球速和转速有所下降,相持段的板数增多,竞争更加激烈。为了深入认识新型有缝和无缝塑料乒乓球弹性的基本特征及其差异性,分析其对运动员击球效果可能带来的影响,通过试验法,从新型塑料乒乓球的物理特性、动态弹跳速度、速度衰减率、击球速度和旋转等方面对2种新型塑料乒乓球进行了试验与比较分析。结果表明,无缝塑料球比有缝塑料球动态弹性更好、更稳定,无缝塑料球击球的平均转速比有缝塑料球减少约4.5%,球速减少约1.1%。为运动员进一步适应乒乓球材质及球体规则变化带来的影响提供一定的理论依据和训练参考,从而减少乒乓球材质及球体规则变化对乒乓球运动员比赛成绩的影响。

In May 2011,the internationaltable tennis federation(ITTF)passed the resolution ofbanning the use ofcelluloid table tennis after the London Olympic Games. In October 2014,the new plastic ball was successfully developed and put into use. According to the different processing technology,the new plastic ball can be divided into two types:seamed plastic ball and seamless plastic ball. Both of them have been designated for official use. Compared with the celluloid table tennis,the biggest change of the new plastic table tennis ball is the increase of the ball diameter except the difference of material. The changes of material and diameter of the ball will affect the hardness,elasticity,speed and rotation of the ball,and thus affect the striking effect to different degrees. Studies have shown that the hardness and elasticity of the new plastic ball are higher than that of the celluloid ball,the ball speed and rotation speed have decreased,the number of strikes in the after fifth phrase has increased,and the competition are more competitive. In order to have a deep understanding of the basic features of the seamed and seamless plastic table tennis balls and explore its effects on the ball speed and ball spin,using the experimental method,this paper compared the two types of new plastic table tennis balls including physical characteristics,dynamic bounced speed,speed attenuation rate,ball speed and spin speed.Results:The seamless plastic table tennis ball has better and more stable dynamic elasticity than those of seamed plastic table tennis ball. The spin speed of seamless plastic table tennis ball is about 4.5 percent less than that of seamed plastic table tennis ball and the spin speed of seamless plastic table tennis ball is about 1.1 percent less. This study provides a theoretical basis and training reference for athletes to further adapt to the influence of changes in table tennis materialand ballrules,and helpstoreducethe impactofthe changesoftable tennismaterialand competition ruleson the performance oftable tennisplayers.