政府距离和企业生产率的区际边界效应

An Interregional Boundary Effect of Government Distance and Enterprise Productivity

我国"城区-开发区-乡镇区"三位模式下的企业-市场距离、政企距离以及政策差距等均存在着区位相对落差,综合因素形成了企业生产率的区际边界效应。本文通过Blinder-Oaxaca样本分层法识别出边界效应中的市场租、关系租和政策租,实证发现:城区-乡镇区企业生产率边界效应(区位差)包含市场租和关系租,而开发区比乡镇区具有政府支持的关系租和政策租双重优势;制度规范企业的有章可循减少了对关系租的需求,同时政策租对企业生产率的影响具有衰减趋势;三位模式下中西部城市辖区间的相对疏远使得区位市场租和关系租更为突兀。政策启示在于:在合理布局和科学规划下,良性发展的开发区模式不仅仅应营造"政策洼地",更应创造高效服务企业的"体制高地",从而克服中西部地区因疏远距离导致的额外公务成本。

In the modes of'Urban District-Development Zone-Township Area',there are location related gaps in the distances between enterprise and market,government and enterprise,and policy disparities.All these factors form an interregional boundary effect on the enterprise productivity.This paper identifies the market,relationship and policy rents(benefits)in the boundary effect by using the Blinder-Oaxaca sample stratification method.It is found that the productivity boundary effect of urban-township enterprises includes market and relationship rents(benefits),while the development zones have dual advantages,i.e.,the government-supported relationship and policy rents(benefits);the demand for relationship rent is reduced while the rules and regulations are enforced and easy to be followed by the enterprises.And the effects of the policy rent on the enterprise productivity trend to diminish.The relative distances among the cities in the middle and western parts of China in the three modes makes the market and relationship rents(benefits)more significant.It enlightens the policy makers to build not only a lowland benefited from policies,but also a highland with a system benefited from the highly efficient services for the enterprises provided by the government in the mode of sound development of development zones under the reasonable layout and planning,in order to clear up the additional dealing cost resulted from the long distances in the middle and western parts of China.