上海市大气质量与国内外城市的比较研究

Comparative study on air quality of Shanghai and otherworldwide cities

为确定上海市中长期环境目标,采用对比法开展了国内外城市环境经济综合实力的比较。结果显示,1990年到2000年上海城市年均大气污染物浓度呈现出普遍的下降趋势,2000年上海城区SO2及NO2年均浓度为45μg·m-3和61μg·m-3,达到国家环境空气质量二级标准,但是欧洲城市平均水平的4.5和1.5倍。PM10的年均浓度达108μg·m-3,将近欧洲城市平均水平的3倍。进一步改善上海环境空气质量的关键在于实施能源、产业结构调整,降低本地污染物排放强度,加强长江三角洲地区的合作,实施环境综合整治。

In this paper, differences in the economic status and air quality between Shanghai, some other Chinese and European cities are analyzed on purpose to set medium and long-term target for air quality control in Shanghai. The results of the comparative study show that the average annual concentrations of SO2 and particulate matter were tending to decrease from 1990 to 2000 and both of them met the Chinese air quality standards in 2000. The air quality in Shanghai is better than some other Chinese cities, but it is worse than most of European cities. The annual concentrations of SO2 and NO2 in Shanghai in 2000 were 45 μg·m-3 and 61 μg·m-3, which were 4.5 and 1.5 times of the average level of European cities. While average annual concentration of PM10was 108μg·m-3, being nearly 3 times of the average level of European cities. The key elements for further improvement on the air quality in Shanghai are to reduce the emission intensity through energy switch, industry structure adjustment, and implementing integrated environmental plan within Yangtse Delta.