3～5岁健听儿童声母音韵历程分析

An Analysis of the Phonological Process of Normal Hearing Children of 3-5 Years Old

目的利用实验室自编语音产生测试材料,考察3～5岁健听儿童的音韵历程特征。方法分析206名上海市3～5岁以普通话为母语健听儿童的语音样本,利用描述性统计和差异检验法分析学前儿童的语音能力。结果①3～5岁所有被试的语音样本结果显示,声母中替代历程出现率为53.9%,极显著高于音节结构历程和同化历程(P<0.01);②学前健听儿童替代历程出现最多的依次是不卷舌化(18.0%)、卷舌化(7.8%)、后置化(7.8%)、塞音化(5.3%)、边音化(5.3%)、鼻音化(2.9%)、前置化(2.9%)、塞擦音化(2.4%);③3岁组儿童出现音韵历程的概率极显著高于4岁组和5岁组(P<0.01),4岁是儿童的音韵历程实现抑制的关键年龄。结论健听儿童音韵历程中声母出现替代历程的概率最大,声母中出现最多的音韵历程是不卷舌化,其次是卷舌化和后置化。

Objective To explore the phonetic features of 3-5 years old children using the speech generation module test from laboratory.Method The phonetic features of 206 phonetic samples of mandarin-speaking children at age 3-5 years in Shanghai were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and variance test were used to analyze preschool children’s ability of phonology.Results The results of all subjects aged from 3 to 5 years showed that the occurrence rate of substitutions processes was 54.9%, significantly higher than that of syllabic structure processes and assimilation processes. The most frequent phonological process of preschool children was deretroflexion(18.0%), retroflexion(7.8%), backing(7.8%), stopping(5.3%), lateralization(5.3%), nasalization(2.9%), fronting(2.9%) and affrication(2.4%). The probability of phonological process of children in 3-year-old group was significantly higher than that in 4-year-old group and 5-yearold group, and four was the key age for children to achieve correct speech.Conclusion The occurrence of the substitution processes was the highest in the three phonological processes categories. The most phonological process was deretroflexion, and then retroflexion and backing.