优良观赏保健树大叶冬青引种试验初报

Preliminary report on the introduction trial of ornamental and medicinal tree species Ilex latifolia Thunb

引种研究结果表明,大叶冬青种子休眠期长,需处理18～24个月才能萌发,幼苗期生长缓慢,生长呈双峰型,2次抽梢明显。树高季节生长高峰一般在4月和7～8月出现,绝大多数植株6月生长趋于停滞;地径季节生长分别在5～6月和8月出现峰值。季节生长与月均温、月降雨量、月均相对湿度呈正相关显著,表明生长需要较高温度和湿润的条件。幼龄期适应性强,能适应引种地35～39℃极端最高温度和冬季-5～-7℃自然低温,安全越夏越冬,未见病害发生。苗木栽植后3a开始速生,速生期年生长量达50cm以上。采用金丝垂柳(J842)、杜仲、南酸枣等阔叶树种与大叶冬青复层混交,利用侧方遮荫作用,能显著促进大叶冬青生长,并提前2a速生,树高净生长量增加19 65%～34 20%,4年生苗平均高1 60～2 07cm,地径2 0～2 3cm;叶用园幼树3年生春季嫩叶产量达150kg/hm2,4～5年生春季产嫩叶225～281 75kg/hm2,生产优质苦丁保健绿茶60～112 5kg/hm2,显示出研发利用的潜力。

The seeds of Ilex latifolia Thunb have a long duration of dormancy.. The tree species produces abundant seed crops at 18 to 24month intervals. At the initial stage, seedlings grow in rather a slow velocity But charateristic of a doublepeak curve graphically,seasonal height growth mainly occurs in April and from July to August, and base diameter growth from May to June and in August. Seasonal growth is significantly in positive correlations to mean monthly temperature, rainfall and humidity. Seedlings are adapted well with the temperature ranges from 39～-7 ℃. Three years after planted, it may reach a fastgrowing period, with annual height growth over 50 cm. Intermixed with weeping willow of golden branchlets (Salix×aureopendula CL'J842'), Eucommia and Canton Mombin ect, Ilex latifolia Thunbtree may reach the fastgrowing period two years earlier, with a net height growth increased by 1965%～3420%, 4yearold seedlings reaching a height of 160～207 cm and a base diameter of 20～23 cm. In 3yearold plantations for leaves, spring young leaves yield goes up to 150 kg per hectare and in 4or 5yearold plantations, the yield 225～28175 kg per hectare, showing a valuable potential in exploitation.