南极半岛海洋气候区的土壤 Ⅱ.有机质积累过程

SOILS IN THE MARITIME ANTARCTIC Ⅱ. ORGANIC MATTER ACCUMULATION

南极海洋性气候土壤形成过程中具有明显的有机质积累作用,有机质对成土过程和土壤性状产生重要影响,如土壤酸化、有机-金属螯合物的形成和生物成矿现象。受地表生物活动强弱影响,不同土壤有机C、N含量差异明显。冻扰作用、灰化作用以及物理性裂隙渗漏是有机质在剖面的迁移和重新分配的主要途径。

Significant accumulation of soil organic matter play an important role in shaping soil characteristics during soil-forming processes in the maritime Antarctic, e.g. in soil acidification, podzolization, formation of metallo-organic compounds and biogenetic minerals. Resulting from difference in intensity of biological activities on the surface ground, contents of total organic carbon and nitrogen amongst soils developed in the sites with different micro-environmental features differ greatly. The studies indicate that cryoturbation, podzolization and leakage are main processes that lead to translocation and re-distribution of soil organic matter within a profile.