工程实践中碰到的几个疑难土工问题

Some difficult geotechnical problems encountered in engineering practice

简要介绍了工程实践中碰到的几个疑难土工问题,分别为首次采用红土筑坝问题;河边基坑地下水位的降低问题;软土层在开挖期间产生的特殊固结问题;水中填土坝低密度填土的孔隙压力消散问题。同时叙述了克服这些难题所采取的办法。从这些工作中得到的启发是:即使工程师已经在实验室充分了解某种特殊土的性质,但在首次应用到实际工程时,应特别重视从已有的类似工程中吸取经验和教训;现场勘察和室内试验这两项工作,比数学计算工作在更大程度上影响设计成果;勘察和设计人员之间的联系和交流有助于确切了解现场土层情况;可靠的现场观测是保证安全和经济的首选办法,也是克服疑难土工问题的有效途径。

In this paper,some difficult geotechnical problems encountered in engineering practice are described,and the ways to resolve these difficulties are presented. The involved problems are: Earliest use of laterite as a dam construction material in China,ground water lowering in sand stratum beside a river,unusual consolidation of soft clay layer occurred during excavation,pore pressure dissipation of low-density fill when constructing dam by dumping soil into ponded water.These practical engineering problems demonstrated that exchanging field information between the field investigation personnel and the designers is helpful to know the field conditions well. Compared with the precise mathematical calculations,the field investigation,measurement of soil properties and engineering experiences learned from other engineers are much important for resolving geotechnical problems. Consequently,it may be concluded that field monitoring is the most effective method to overcome the difficulties encountered in engineering practice.