大改形对富士苹果密植树生长结果和效益的影响

Effect of Modifying Tree Form on Growth and Fruiting in Fuji Apple High-density Orchards

对9 a生M.26矮化中间砧苹果密植园多主枝分层树形进行稀枝控冠改为细长纺锤形后3a内的效应进行了调查。结果表明,改形后,总枝量降低到1052 280条/hm^2,枝类组成明显优化,短枝率提高了25.4％,长枝降低至12.1％。树冠下光合生理有效辐射提高126％以上,结果部位明显向短枝和树冠内膛转移,形成新的立体结果能力。果实品质明显提高,产量产值增幅显著,第三年树体生长结果趋于平衡。

The evaluation of modifying tree form from old central leader system of high-density tree to slender spindle by thinning both limbs and shoots were conducted in 9 years Fuji apple orchards with M.26 interetock in three years in Shaanxi province. The results showed that the total shoots per hm2 decreased to 1 052 280, the constitute of shoot types had changed signifiantly, the rate of spur shoot had increased by 25.4% , the rate of middle and long shoot had decreased to 12.1% compared with the control. Light intercept increased by 126% , the balance between growth and fruit came in third year. Fruiting location shifted back to insides trees and spur shoots. Fruit quality were also improved, yield and income were increased significantly.