安徽省儿童血清维生素A水平及影响因素调查分析

Cross-Sectional Study on the Serum Level of Vitamin A and Its Related Influence Factors among Children Aged 0 to 5 in Anhui Province

目的 了解安徽省 0～ 5岁儿童维生素A水平 ,分析其影响因素 ,为我省制定预防控制维生素A缺乏的措施提供科学依据。方法 分层随机抽取安徽省 1市 4县 1 0 5 2名 6岁以下儿童 ,以微量荧光法测定其血清维生素A含量 (SROL)来评价儿童体内维生素A状况 ,采用问卷收集其家庭、喂养和膳食等相关因素。结果 安徽省 0～ 5岁儿童血清维生素A平均值为 30 .36± 7.94 μg/dl,与 2 0 0 0年全国调查的平均水平相当。儿童血清维生素A水平在城乡之间和农村地区间比较有显著性差异。儿童SROL平均水平随所在家庭年人均收入的增高、母亲受教育程度的增高、父母收入等级增加以及儿童年龄的增长而增加。混合母乳喂养的儿童SROL水平最低 ;儿童摄入富含维生素A食物频率增加 ,其SROL也随之增加 ;服用维生素A制剂的儿童SROL高于未服用者。逐步多元线性回归分析结果显示 ,儿童居住在农村、仍在吃母乳、家庭子女多、母亲为农民、父亲学历低等因素可导致SROL水平的降低。结论 血清维生素A水平受多因素影响。提高母乳中维生素A含量 ,推广科学喂养知识 ,给儿童及时添加富含维生素A食物 。

Objective To describe the current status of the serum level of vitamin A and explore its related influence factors among children aged 0 to 5 in Anhui Province. Methods A total of 1052 children aged 0 to 5 were randomly selected from four counties and one city in Anhui Province. A blood sample from each child was collected and the fluorescence method was used to measure the serum level of vitamin A to evaluate the status of vitamin A of the children. Family, dietary factors were also gathered through the questionnaire at the same time. Results The average SROL among children aged 0 to 5 was 30.36 7.94 g/dl, which was comparable to that of a survey conducted at national scale in China in 2000. The average SROL was significantly different between rural areas and urban areas, as well as among the sampling rural areas. The average SROL increased with the increment of average annual family income, parents , schooling, parents , wages and children age and decreased with the increment of the size of family, numbers and the order of siblings. The SROL in children with mixed milk breast-feeding was the lowest compared to that of children with pure milk breast-feeding and non-breast-feeding. The SROL in creased in child administrated with vitamin A preparations or fed with high frequencies of vitamin A rich foods. Multiple liner regression analysis showed that children living in rural areas, younger siblings or those with peasant mothers, younger age, mixed milk breast-feeding tended to result in a low SROL. Conclusions Children SROL could be affected by various factors. Measurements to improve the vitamin A in breast milk, encourage the timely feeding or vitamin A-rich foods or administrate vitamin A preparations under specific situations might be the effective ways to improve the SROL among children.