日本对华“观光外交”的模式、成效及启示

The Model and Effect of Japan’s “Tourism Diplomacy” to China and the Enlightenment to China

自2010年日本政府放宽对华签证以来,中国赴日游客数量基本呈现大幅攀升趋势,2015年后一直位居外国访日游客首位。大量观光客的访日一方面对提振持续低迷的日本经济大有裨益,另一方面也极大改善了日本在中国游客心目中的国家形象,起到了积极的公共外交成效。本文以公共外交为考察视角,首先对日本对华"观光外交"性质及模式进行界定,提炼出三类公共外交模型,并结合该外交行为的实施过程与方式,考察了其对近年来中国赴日游客数量上升趋势的影响。其次,本文探究了"中国赴日游客数量"与"中国民众对日好感度"二者间的关联度,及其对日本国内经济发展与"地方创生"战略的积极推动作用。最后,本文基于日本"观光外交"的相关经验,从前期准备、实施模式以及效果互动三个方面对中国公共外交提出政策建议,以期对未来中国开展新型大国外交、提升国家形象有所助力。

The number of Chinese tourists to Japan soars significantly since the Japanese government launched its new visa policy in 2010.Benefited from it,Chinese visitors skyrocketed to the largest foreign visitors group of Japan since 2015.Except of stimulating Japan’s sluggish economic development,the explosive growth of Chinese visitors in Japan also play a big part in ameliorating Chinese people’s image of Japan.Basing on the public diplomacy theory,we defines the conception and features of Japan’s'tourism diplomacy',especially those policies toward Chinese.Furthermore,we summarize three types of public diplomacy models,studying their implementation and how these factors contributing to the increasing number of Chinese tourists to Japan in recent years.What is more,this paper identifies the relationship between'the number of Chinese tourists visiting Japan'and'Chinese people’s favorable impression of Japan',analyzing its contribution to Japan’s domestic economic development and how the interaction of the two factors benefiting Japanese government’s practice of'Local Economic Revitalization'strategy.In the end,basing on the analysis of Japan’s'tourism diplomacy'practice,corresponding suggestions is put forward for China’s public diplomatic strategy from three aspects:pre-preparation,implementation and potential effect,in the view of Chinese New Great Power Diplomacy for better China’s national image.