关于黄河上中游地区人口、资源、环境的评述(一)

Review of the population, natural resources and environment of the upper and middle reaches Huanghe River basin

黄河上中游地区(以甘、宁、晋、陕为代表)的历代人口变化、环境变迁及水土资源开发利用,既相互影响,又都受政治上的治乱和经济上的盛衰所影响。金元战乱时期该区人口曾下降到300万左右。解放后人口增长迅速,1988年时达0.85亿。四十年来人类活动对资源、环境有正、负两方面的影响,总体而言,正效益大于负效益。在2040年以前,该区人口的高增长率将是难以避免的,但若充分挖掘水土资源潜力,满足粮食自给还是有可能的。今后的经济建设既要充分考虑当时当地的环境容量,更应做出保护环境和改善环境的措施。

In the history, variation of population, environment and utilization of water and land resources in the regions of the upper and middle reaches of the Huanghe River was related and influnced each other and affected by the political stability or ecnfusion and economy boosting or decline. The population was decreased down to 3 million in the war period of Jin-Yang dynasties. After founding of New China, the population increased rapidly, up to 85 million in 1988, and the human activities extend positive and negative effects on the natural resources and environment, and, generally speaking, the positive effects are bigger than the nagagive. High population increase rate will be unavoidable before 2040 year, however, it is also possible to develop potential water and and resources for grain production and selffeeding. In future economic development it is needed to fully consider the environment capacity and to take corresponding measures for environment protection and improvement.