利用QUEFTS模型估算辽宁省水稻氮、磷和钾养分需求量

Estimation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient requirements of rice in Liaoning Province by QUEFTS model

准确估计水稻养分需求对于指导其推荐施肥,优化养分管理具有重要意义。收集了2006～2011年间辽宁省300个水稻测土配方施肥"3414"田间试验数据,应用QUEFTS模型分析水稻产量、养分吸收量等产效特征,并拟合不同目标产量(8 000～14 000 kg/hm^2)下地上部氮、磷和钾养分需求曲线。拟合结果显示为线性-抛物线-平台曲线关系,在目标产量达到潜在产量的60%～70%范围之前,作物所需氮、磷和钾养分均呈现线性增长,生产1 000 kg水稻籽粒产量氮、磷和钾养分需求量相同,分别为16.3、3.5和18.4 kg,相应的氮、磷和钾内在效率为61.2、286.2、54.4 kg/kg。当作物目标产量超过潜在产量的60%～70%时,作物养分需求曲线显示为抛物线-平台曲线关系,此时单位籽粒产量的增加需要更多的氮、磷和钾。

Accurately estimating the nutrient requirement of rice is important for guiding its recommended fertilization and optimizing nutrient management.Data collected from 300 rice field trials in Liaoning Province from 2006 to 2011,using QUESTS model to analyze rice yield and nutrients absorption characteristics,and fitting nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient uptake curves under different target yields(8 000~14 000 kg/hm^2).Model fitting results show a linear-parabolicplatform curve,no matter what the potential output is the nutrient requirements exhibit linear increase as the yield target approached to approximately 60%~70%of the yield potential,at the same time,the nutrient requirements for nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium are the same at the yield of 1 000 kg of grain,which is 16.3,3.5 and 18.4 kg,respectively.The corresponding internal efficiency of N,P,and K are 61.2,286.2 and 54.4 kg/kg,respectively.When the target yield of rice exceeds 60%~70%of the potential output,crop nutrient absorption curves show parabolic-platform curve,the increase in unit grain yield requires more nutrients.