浉河区茶园土壤养分状况分析与评价

Analysis and evaluation of soil nutrient status in tea plantation of Shihe district

为了明确浉河区茶园土壤养分状况,对浉河区山地与丘陵茶园分别进行了26和84个土壤取样、分析测定,为茶园土壤培肥管理提供科学依据。结果表明:浉河区茶园土壤pH偏酸化,有机质含量偏低,山地茶园平均值(22.0 g/kg)比丘陵茶园(14.4 g/kg)高52.78%;在全氮、速效钾整体含量处于中等偏低水平,大部分茶园有效磷匮缺严重情况下,山地茶园土壤营养状况比丘陵茶园好,其全氮、有效磷含量整体水平高于丘陵茶园,有效钾略低于丘陵茶园,但差异性不明显;中微量元素有效态Ca、Mg、S、Mn、Zn含量丰富,但山地茶园含量比丘陵茶园更能满足茶树生长发育需要,Fe异常丰富,Cu、B严重缺乏。为此,浉河区茶园应在施足有机肥的基础上,增施磷肥,部分茶园要加大氮、钾肥施用量,同时注意补充Cu和B肥。

In order to clarify the soil nutrient status of tea garden in Shihe area and provide scientific basis for soil fertilizer management in tea garden,26 and 84 soil samples were collected and analyzed for mountain tea garden and hilly tea garden in Shihe area respectively.Results showed that soil pH of tea garden in Shihe area was partial acidification and organic matter content was low,and the average organic matter content in mountain tea plantations was 22.0 g/kg,being 52.78%higher than that of hilly tea garden,which was 14.4 g/kg.Soil total nitrogen content and available potassium were at a moderate to inferior level and available phosphorus was serious low in most tea gardens.The soil nutrition contents of mountain tea garden were better than those of hilly tea garden,the total nitrogen and available phosphorus were higher than those in hilly tea garden,while available potassium was slightly lower but the difference was not obvious.Middle elements contents including available Ca,Mg,S,Mn,Zn were rich,and their contents in mountain tea garden were more satisfied with the requirement of tea growth than hilly tea garden.Fe was enormously rich,while the deficiency of Cu and B was serious.Therefore,the application of phosphorus should be increased on the basis of applying sufficient organic fertilizer in Shihe area;Nitrogen fertilizer,potassium fertilizer should also be added to some tea garden,and Cu and B fertilizers should be payed attention to supplement at the same time.