基于文献计量的贵州喀斯特地区石漠化等级土壤养分状况分析

Analysis of soil nutrient conditions under different rocky desertification grades in Guizhou karst region by the bibliometrics method

明确贵州喀斯特地区不同石漠化等级土壤养分状况,为石漠化防治和生态系统恢复提供参考。收集公开发表的涉及贵州不同石漠化等级土壤养分的研究论文,对有关数据进行整理和分析。研究发现:(1)随石漠化等级增加,土壤容重不断增加,<0.001 mm黏粒含量有下降趋势,>0.05 mm砂粒含量则有增加趋势,但不同石漠化等级之间黏粒和砂粒含量均无显著差异;(2)土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效养分含量均表现为无石漠化(ND)>轻度石漠化(LD)>中度石漠化(MD)>重度石漠化(SD),随石漠化等级增加呈幂函数下降,衰减速度为有机质>有效磷>碱解氮>全氮>速效钾>全磷,从无石漠化到轻度石漠化演替过程土壤养分下降幅度最大;(3)土壤有机质和全氮与其他土壤理化指标之间极显著相关,且对石漠化地区土壤肥力贡献极大,可作为表征土壤-石漠化关系的敏感性土壤指示因子;(4)不同土地利用方式对石漠化地区土壤养分影响明显,土壤养分高低为林地>草地>耕地。土壤养分和地表植物群落结构与石漠化演替进程密切相关,贵州喀斯特石漠化地区增加地表覆盖度和开展有机培肥对防止土壤退化和石漠化生态恢复具有重要意义。

Soil system is an important part of karst rocky desertification system,and the deterioration of soil quality is the essence of rocky desertification,so it is necessary to clear the soil nutrient conditions under different rocky desertification grades for the control of rocky desertification and restoration of ecological system.The succession of karst rocky desertification was divided into six grades:nil,potential,slight,moderate,severe,extremely severe,only four typical grades(nil,slight,moderate,severe)were analyzed in this study.Research advances in the soil nutrients of karst rocky desertification in recent years were reviewed in this paper.Based on papers published,the current research progress on soil nutrient status of different rocky desertification grades in Guizhou were summarized and analyzed.It was discovered that,1)with the deterioration of rocky desertification,soil bulk density and soil sand(>0.05 mm)content increased while soil clay(<0.001 mm)content decreased,but there was no significant difference in clay content and sand content between different grades of rocky desertification.2)Content of soil organic matter,total nitrogen(N),total phosphorus(P)and available nutrients all showed as nil rocky desertification(ND)>slight rocky desertification(LD)>moderate rocky desertification(MD)>severe rocky desertification(SD),and those soil nutrients content decreased by power function with the increase of rocky desertification grade,and the order of decay rate was ranked as organic matter>available P>alkaline hydrolysis N>total N>available K>total P,soil nutrients decreased most quickly from ND to LD.3)Organic matter and total N content were remarkable correlation with other factors of soil physical-chemical properties,and contribute greatly to soil fertility in rocky desertification areas,could be used as sensitivity indicators of the relationship between soil and rocky desertification.4)The effects of land use type on soil nutrients in karst rocky desertification region were obvious,the contents of soil organic matter and total N under different land use type both listed in the order of forest land>grass land>agricultural land.The structure of surface plant community and soil nutrients are closely related to the succession process of rocky desertification,so increasing vegetation coverage and developing organic fertilization are important for controlling rocky desertification and ecological recovery in karst rocky desertification region of Guizhou.