索绪尔“语言学的对象”问题及其指导价值

Questions and Guiding Value of Saussure's "Linguistics Objects"

索绪尔在《普通语言学教程》中回答了"语言学的对象"的问题,论述了若干具有深远影响力的观点:对"言语活动"、"语言"、"言语"三个概念的建立;对三者的区分以及三者之间关系的讨论;对"语言"的界定,预见了符号学这个尚未诞生的科学,并且提出语言学与符号学之间的关系等。现代语言学发展的不同流派围绕"语言学的对象"进行了不同角度的发展或者争论,索绪尔明确了"语言学的对象",为当今语言学的发展指明了方向,提供了方法论的指导。针对其关于"语言"这一概念的形而上学性质,在语言教学中,应该对语言和言语的实质及其相互关系有一个新的认识,有的放矢地组织教学。

Saussure answers the questions of 'linguistics objects' in Course in General Linguistics and discusses several viewpoints with far-reaching influence:establishment of three concepts of 'speech activity','language' and 'speech';distinction among the three concepts and the discussion of the relationship;and the definition of 'language',which foresees semiotics,a science that has not yet been born,and puts forward the relationship between linguistics and semiotics.Different schools of modern linguistics have developed or debated around the 'linguistics objects' from different angles.Saussure has defined the 'linguistics objects' which points out the direction for the development of modern linguistics and provides methodological guidance.According to the metaphysical nature of the concept of 'language',the essence of language and speech and the mutual relation should be re-recognized in language teaching so as to organize teaching in a targeted way.