土壤容重构型对河南惠楼山药形态和产量影响的试验研究

Influences of Soil Bulk Density Changes on Morphological Features and Yields of the Chinese Huilou Yam in Henan Province

在河南省惠楼山药种植区人工设置P全虚、P全实、P上实下虚和P上虚下实4种土壤容重构型,探讨不同容重构型对山药形态和产量的影响。结果表明:P全实山药长宽比(RLW)和形状系数(SI)最小,多呈不规则短棒状或掌状;P全虚山药RLW和SI最大,多呈规则的细棒状;P上虚下实和P上实下虚多为弯曲棒状。P全实山药分维(D)和平均宽度(B)最大,空间填充度大;P全虚山药填充度仅次于P全实;其他构型的山药空间填充度较小。P全实山药分叉比(BR)最大(41.67%),畸形山药多;P全虚山药BR最小(4.76%),商品性能最好。P全虚山药株重最大,平均为233.67 g株-1;P全实山药株重最小,仅为132.23 g株-1。随着剖面中紧实土层的不断减少,山药形状越规则,商品性越好,产量越高。

Four kinds of soil bulk density profile patterns(SBDPP) were artificially designed in the planting area of Huilou yam, which including loose in upper and lower soil layers indicated as Pl-l, compact in upper and lower layers as Pc-c, compact in upper layer and loose in lower layers as Pc-l, and loose in upper layer and compact in lower layers as Pl-c. Huilou yams were planted in these four SBDPPs in order to investigate the influences of SBDPPs on morphological features and yields. The results show that the ratios of length to width(RLW) and the shape indexes(SI) of yam in Pc-c were minimal, and most yams were irregular or abnormal with the shapes of short rod or palm. While RLW and SI of yam in Pl-l were maximal, and most yams were regular with the shapes of slender rod. RLW and SI of yam in Pl-c and Pc-l were between Pc-c and Pl-l with the shapes of crooked rod. Fractal dimension(D) and average width(B) of yam in Pc-c were maximal, followed by Pl-l, and minimum in Pl-c and Pc-l, which indicating that yams in Pc-c had the highest degrees of space filling. Bifurcation ratio(BR) of yam in Pc-c was maximal with the value of 41.67%, deformed yams were abundant. BR of yam in Pl-l was minimal with the value of 4.76%, which indicating yams in the SBDPP had the best shapes for selling. The average weight per yam in Pl-l was maximal with the value of 233.67 g tuber-1, while minimal with 132.23 g tuber-1in Pc-c. With compact layers reduced along soil profile, yams were less deformity, better for selling, and the higher the yield.