安徽省芜湖县实施测土配方施肥后耕地土壤养分状况及变化特征

Status and Changing Trend of Soil Nutrient Contents in Cultivated Land from the Implementation of Soil Test and Formula Fertilization in Wuhu County Anhui Province

分析了已实施测土配方施肥技术8年的安徽省芜湖县耕地土壤pH值、养分状况及变化特征。结果表明:该县耕地土壤pH值属弱变异性,且显示趋中性变化。土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾均属中等变异。较2005年,土壤各养分含量及等级变化各异。全县土壤有机质含量呈递增趋势,等级Ⅰ所占比例增加,III级所占比例有所下降;土壤全氮含量呈递减趋势,等级Ⅲ级所占比例显著增加,而Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ级土壤也得到了有效的改良;土壤有效磷、速效钾含量呈递增趋势,等级也发生了变化,均是Ⅲ级土壤比例显著增加,Ⅴ和Ⅵ级土壤所占比例明显下降。研究旨在为土壤养分科学管理和平衡施肥提供科学依据,为测土配方施肥技术的进一步完善和深入推广提供参考。

In the paper, the changing trend of soil pH and nutrient contents in cultivated land had been analyzed from the implementation of soil test and formula fertilization for 8 years in Wuhu County, Anhui province. The results showed that soil pH changed weakly and were close to neutral value. Soil organic matter(OM), total N, available P and available K varied moderately. Compared with year 2005, the contents and grades of nutrients had greater varying ranges. The content of OM was increased. The proportion of grade I OM was increased, and that of level III decreased.The content of total N was decreased. The percentage of level III total N was increased significantly, while that of levels IV, V and VI were effectively improved. The contents of soil available P and K were increased, and the ratios of both levels V and VI were decreased, while that of level III increased. This article aimed at providing scientific gist for soil nutrient management and balanced fertilization, meanwhile, providing reference for further improvement and promotion of soil test and formula fertilization.