水肥耦合对油茶林地土壤全氮和产量的影响研究

The Coupling Effects of Water and Fertilizer on the Soil Total Nitrogen and Yield of Camellia Oleifera Forest

从浙江省临安市采集了水田及其改雷竹林的4个系列土壤(包括长期种植水稻的农田、水田改种雷竹6年、12和15年的农地)的代表性剖面的分层样品(种雷竹前土壤为发生学分类中的黄泥田,属系统分类的铁聚水耕人为土),采用田间形态观察与室内理化分析相结合的方法对土壤进行了鉴定。结果表明,黄泥田种植雷竹后土壤人为滞水水分状况消失,逐渐向湿润水分状况转变;水耕条件下形成的水耕表层因深耕被破坏而逐渐消失,而水耕氧化还原层的特征可残留在土体中;土壤有机碳和磷素明显积累,土壤中络合态铁显著增加。与此同时,土壤类型也逐渐由普通铁聚水耕人为土向普通铁质湿润雏形土、最后向黄色铝质湿润雏形土演化。结果表明,人为的强烈影响可使土壤类型在短时间尺度内发生改变。

In order to improve nitrogen use efficiency and avoid the decline of Camellia oleifera Abel yield and economic benefit caused by the deterioration of water and atmosphere through excessively N application nitrogen fertilizer as well, we carried out a research on the coupling effects of four factors, i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and water, on Camellia oleifera Abel growth in Jiujiang Haihui. We confirmed the best water and fertilizer cultivation scheme. The results showed that single factor had a significant effect on the total nitrogen content in Camellia oleifera in Abel soil, and the sequence ordered as nitrogen application > irrigation > phosphorus application > potassium application. The single-factor application had also significantly changed the yield of Camellia oleifera Abel, whose effect decreased as nitrogen application > irrigation > potassium application > phosphorus application. And the combined application of two factors, such as nitrogen and potash and potash and irrigation, had significantly influenced Camellia oleifera Abel yield. When the annual fertilizer application rate per plant Camellia were as follows: nitrogen fertilizer 390 g, phosphate fertilizer 705 g, potassium fertilizer 450 g and irrigation 29.5 kg, the soil total nitrogen content was 1.294 g kg-1, and the yield reached a maximum of 3162.4 g strains-1. This indicated that in this processing, economic benefit and ecological benefit of Camellia oleifera Abel reached the best. We recommended the above combined application of fertilizers in Camellia oleifera production.