土壤环境功能区划的体系与方法探讨

A Discussion on System and Method of Soil Environmental Function Regionalization

随着我国社会经济的发展,土壤污染问题逐渐显露。加强土壤环境管理,防控土壤污染是当前我国土壤环境管理的重要方向。土壤环境管理要求构建土壤环境分区分类的管理体系,这需要以开展土壤环境功能区划研究为基础。研究通过探讨土壤环境功能区划概念,分析了土壤功能与土地利用的关系,提出了一个三级的土壤环境功能区划体系。依据土地利用类型和土壤功能及相关规划,划分出土壤生产功能区、土壤生态功能区和土壤承载功能区三个土壤功能区;在此基础上,依据土壤环境功能亚类并结合相关规划,将土壤功能区划分为八类土壤环境功能亚区;结合土壤环境质量评价和土壤污染区分析结果,将土壤环境功能亚区进一步划分为二十个土壤环境管理区,以进行保护、一般监控、重点监控或整治。提出的土壤环境功能区划体系和方法可为开展土壤环境功能区划提供借鉴,从而为土壤环境管理提供科学依据。

With the development of society and economy, soil pollution gradually emerges as a critical environmental problem. Thus the prevention and control of soil pollution become an important task of soil environmental management.A classified management system of soil environment is necessary based on the study of soil environmental function regionalization(SEFR). In this work, a three-level hierarchy of SEFR was constructed based on the definition of SEFR and analysis of the relations between soil functions and land-use types. Firstly, soil productive function region, soil ecological function region and soil load bearing function region were divided based on land-use types and soil functions. Then according to the subclasses of soil functions and related planning, the above three function regions were divided into eight sub-regions of soil environmental function. Finally, the eight sub-regions were further divided into twenty soil environmental management regions with combination of soil environmental quality assessment and soil pollution analysis, which was the purpose for protection, ordinary monitoring, main monitoring or remediation. This study may provide reference for the practice of soil environmental function regionalization and scientific basis for the soil environmental management.